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Summary:  
When I run any nvidia-settings command (such as nvidia-settings -a GPUPowerMizerMode=1 -a GPUFanControlState=1 -a GPUCurrentFanSpeed=90 -a GPUGraphicsClockOffset[3]=100) I get errors:

Code:
# sudo nvidia-settings -q GPUCurrentClockFreqs

** (nvidia-settings:18807): WARNING **: Could not open X display


Full Details:
Per other postings, I performed an "OpenSSH Server" install of Ubuntu 14.04.1.

I then d/l'ed the latest NVIDIA Drivers straight from the NVIDIA site:   NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-367.35.run

I Ran:

Code:
apt-get install -y build-essential p7zip unrar unzip
bash NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-367.35.run 
apt-get install linux-headers-4.4.0-31-generic build-essential libx11* libxnvctrl-dev

dpkg --remove-architecture i386
aptitude update && aptitude full-upgrade
sync && reboot

Then, I found a few posts about some nvidia-settings commands for headless systems:

Code:
nvidia-xconfig -s -a --force-generate --allow-empty-initial-configuration \
    --cool-bits=12 --registry-dwords="PerfLevelSrc=0x2222" \
    --no-sli --connected-monitor="DFP-0"

sed -i '/BusID.*/a \ \ \ \ Option         "Interactive" "False"' /etc/X11/xorg.conf

...and lastly...

Code:
nvidia-settings -a GPUPowerMizerMode=1 \
                -a GPUFanControlState=1 \
                -a GPUCurrentFanSpeed=90 \
                -a GPUGraphicsClockOffset[3]=100

However, anything I do with the nvidia-settings command results in errors:

Code:
# sudo nvidia-settings -q GPUCurrentClockFreqs

** (nvidia-settings:18807): WARNING **: Could not open X display

ERROR: The control display is undefined; please run `nvidia-settings --help` for usage information.

...or...

Code:
$ sudo nvidia-settings -a GPUPowerMizerMode=1 -a GPUFanControlState=1 -a GPUCurrentFanSpeed=90 -a GPUGraphicsClockOffset[3]=100

error: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set in the environment.

ERROR: The control display is undefined; please run `nvidia-settings --help` for usage information.

Any suggestions what I could have done wrong or what I could do to correct this?

Thank you for any feedback, your assistance is appreciated.
What about /etc/X11/xdm/Xsetup? Does it contain this:
Code:
export PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin
export HOME=/root
export DISPLAY=:0
xset -dpms
xset s off
xhost +

And: ~/.bashrc and /etc/skel/.bashrc?
Code:
export DISPLAY=:0

Then run:
Code:
update-rc.d xdm defaults
sync && reboot

To be found here.

By the way: I finally installed to 14.04, because I did't get it running properly on ubuntu 16.04.
So, I do not even have a /etc/X11/xdm directory.  I have a /etc/X11 directory that contains:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17394 Dec  3  2009 rgb.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1494 Aug 14 12:46 XF86Config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Aug 14 12:46 XF86Config.nvidia-xconfig-original
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 15 22:36 xinit
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jan 15  2014 xkb
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3474 Aug 15 22:47 xorg.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1538 Aug 15 22:47 xorg.conf.backup
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1538 Aug 15 22:47 xorg.conf.nvidia-xconfig-original
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   709 Apr  1  2010 Xreset
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 14 12:18 Xreset.d
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 14 12:18 Xresources
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  3730 Oct  8  2014 Xsession
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Aug 15 22:36 Xsession.d
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   265 Jul  1  2008 Xsession.options
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   601 Aug 14 12:18 Xwrapper.config


It would appear maybe I overlooked or missing installing something?  But the /etc/X11 dir is there, just not the Xsetup you mentioned.

Obviously, I could create that directory, but I am curious if I missed installing a package.  Any thoughts?
I know I did not perform this step from the link you provided: https://hashcat.net/wiki/doku.php?id=linux_server_howto


Code:
aptitude install build-essential dkms xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core \

xserver-xorg-input-evdev xserver-xorg-video-dummy x11-xserver-utils fglrx xdm


However, from reading I was under the impression that step was only for AMD cards.  Maybe I'll try that step on my rig and see if that helps.
I ran into the same mistake, but nvidia-settings seem to need that.

EDIT: Maybe we don't need fglrx for nvidia cards, right?
You should not install fgrlx for nvidia cards, but the rest is all the same for both amd and nvidia.
Thank you!  Installing those packages corrected my issues.